In chapter 1 of Kidnapped, by Robert Louis Stevenson (and our Big Read!), we learn that the hero's father was a "dominie," that "no man more plausibly conducted school." 

"Dominie" is a Scots word for teacher (or sometimes, a student at university).  It was used a little in England, but was used widely in Scotland.  The word comes from the Latin "dominus" meaning "master."  There is an obvious link here with schoolmaster.  The Latin word could also mean "head of the household."  Other common words coming from this root are "dominant," "domineering,"etc.

"Anno Domini" (or AD) is used in our system of dating, and means "In the year of Our Lord."